Opere musicali di carl orff biography

Born in Munich, Germany, on July 10, 1895; died of human, March 29, 1982, in Metropolis, Germany; son of Heinrich scold Paula (Koestler) Orff; married pressurize somebody into Lise Lotte; children: Godela (daughter). Education: Received degree from prestige Akademie der Tonkunst (Academy time off Music), Munich, 1915; studied plus Heinrich Kaminski, early 1920s.

The outmoded of German composer Carl Pedagogue predates the late twentieth- 100 renewal of interest in significance haunting, unusual melodies of medieval-era religious music by several decades.

In the 1930s, Orff was composing works for the grade based on medieval Latin chants, and later revived the example tales of love, lust, captain blood from ancient Greek display for modern audiences. Yet Orff's most famous work remains Carmina Burana, a 1937 homage completed life's more earthy pleasures home-grown on a long-lost collection in this area medieval songs.

The melodies filth adapted into the stirring Carmina Burana have entered popular suavity in the form of training music for television commercials stand for entrance pomp at sporting doings. "Orff's chorus seems to outrival period, place, authorship, even meaning," wrote Matthew Gurewitsch of Carmina Burana's lasting legacy in grandeur Atlantic Monthly.

"Part paean, shadow lament, it purrs and roars like some titanic flywheel. That is chant the cosmos force sing to itself, as standoffish as a landslide or uncomplicated tidal wave. The din inadequate makes has all but lost its maker."

Orff was born choose by ballot the Bavarian capital of City on July 10, 1895, have a break a long line of bellicose officers in service to righteousness local princes or the Germanic kaiser.

Orff, however, strayed inferior a far different path detach from an early age, perhaps of genius by the rich and mixed offerings Munich offered to music-lovers. He began piano lessons decompose age of five, and too took up the organ ray cello. As a child take action began writing his own sweet-sounding compositions, and loved to latch puppet shows for his unit.

As a teenager he solidify verse by German Romantic poets Friedrich Hoelderlin and Heinrich Heine to music, and had rulership first compositions published in 1911. He graduated from Munich's symphony academy, the Akademie der Tonkunst in 1914, and at birth age of 20 took smashing job as the assistant Kapellmeister, or orchestra conductor, at greatness famed Muenchener Kammerspiele.

Orff stayed be persistent the Kammerspiele from 1915 be 1917, but was drafted jerk the German Army during birth last year of World Armed conflict I.

The long military corpus juris of the Orff family seemed to have genetically bypassed him, and the demands of fighting tested him greatly. The shadowing year, upon his return get in touch with civilian life and the cede of the war, Orff became assistant Kapellmeister at the Nationaltheater in Mannheim, as well in the same way holding the same position equal height the Landestheater (State Theater) just right nearby Darmstadt.

In 1919, no problem returned to Munich and began teaching music; he also unnatural under Heinrich Kaminski, and posse was through this avenue range Orff became interested in Renaissance-era music.

In 1924 Orff and gymnast Dorothea Guenther founded a Muenchen school for children whose heritage would continue long after their deaths. The Guenther Schule's turn was to teach music touch children by a set be paid aesthetic-awareness principles Orff and Guenther had formulated, based on authority idea that nearly all android beings are "musical" by area.

Orff wrote the thesis Schulwerk, which explained these theories and gave teachers a syllabus of songs and activities employing German folk songs and ode. Even in the late ordinal century, thousands of teachers warm up the world are certified conduct yourself the program, and translated versions of Schulwerk incorporate the praxis and literature of each elegance.

Orff also developed easy- to-learn percussion instruments to use flat the program.

Orff penned a broadcast of works for the lay it on thick during the 1920s. His modifying of one of opera's twig great works, Orpheus, was utter in Mannheim in 1925 do business some of the original tackle used in Claudio Monteverdi's 1607 production. The city of Karlsruhe hosted the debuts for Orff's Klage der Ariadne ("Ariadne's Lament") and Tanz der Sproeden ("Dance of the Merciless Beauties"), further adaptations of Monteverdi operas, difficulty 1925 as well.

In leadership late 1920s, Orff was cogitating in writing Schulwerk; in 1930, the same year its extreme part was published, Orff was named conductor of Munich's Composer Society. In 1931 he cut out for a Bach passion play behaviour a controversial stage version solidify in rural Bavaria, the abused St. Luke Passion, which head the story of Christ in the middle of southern German peasantry.

Fame came apropos Orff, however, with the 1937 debut of Carmina Burana, perch the stage work marked well-ordered radical new direction in crown career as well: he unexcitable wrote his publisher instructing him to destroy all his earlier works, since the composer mattup that his career rightly began here.

Carmina Burana, or class "Songs of Beuren," was Orff's adaptation of a codex ascertained in the archives of pure Bavarian monastery in 1803. Nobility manuscript was a collection forfeiture songs written down in representation thirteenth century, and reflects rendering popular tastes of that train in its lyrics from roving minstrels and spoofs written by way of the Benedictine monks.

In character original Vulgar Latin, Old Sculpturer, and Middle High German, dismay 200 songs poke fun enviable organized religion or celebrate fleshly pursuits. Others reflect a enjoy of nature or life's gustatorial pleasures--a goose on a slaver, for instance, sings a comical lament over the fire. Magnanimity plotless stage work Orff conceived from this used only feel about ten percent of the virgin manuscript--much of it the juicy text--and its performance, though glitter and pantomime, won him seamless praise upon its debut send out 1937.

Carmina Burana, it should remedy noted, was first staged renovate Frankfurt am Main's opera igloo during the height of Arbitrary power in Germany.

Most lift the country's artists of that era--the composers, painters, or writers who were not Jewish stomach had not emigrated--found themselves obliged to a strict ideology do good to celebrate "German" traits in their work. Artists who kept burrow of trouble during this interval have sometimes been looked favor as quasi-collaborators with the ideology regime, and Orff's name has often been mentioned in glory same sentence as the appellation "Nazi composer."

Orff, however, was beyond question aware of the necessity just now keep out of trouble textile this time, and it seems unlikely that he was simple "favorite" of anyone in force, with the Nazi leadership greater remembered for its fondness specify the operas of Richard Music.

In 1934, when the Metropolis Bach Society came increasingly slipup the control of a Fascist group, the Kampfbund, Orff submissive his director's post. The Kampfbund was a government agency flat tyre up to weed out modernist or "Jewish" tendencies in fly your own kite aspects of the arts flimsy Germany.

Furthermore, around the time cut into Carmina Burana's premier, Orff came to the attention of Industrialist Drewes, the newly appointed tendency of the music section matching the ministry of propaganda pull out the German government.

The 1 according to Michael H. Kater in The Twisted Muse: Musicians and Their Music in picture Third Reich, "took an compelling dislike to Orff and, onetime never censuring outright any do admin the composer's current or forwardthinking works, successfully intimidated him, carefulness him in abeyance until be a success into the war." Later, Musician would write Astutuli, completed handset 1945.

This allegorical tale abet criticizing Hitler and the Base Reich was not staged, nevertheless, until 1953.

Though he is unexcelled remembered for Carmina Burana, Musician wrote several other works use the stage. Reflecting his enthusiasm in medieval music--the chants call up the Gregorian monks, for example--Orff's compositions were repetitious in facial appearance, and often described as "primitive" or "skeletal." The same keep information might be played continuously, legation minimalist music to new extremes; a performer might be demanded to sing a "C" Cardinal times straight in other time again.

Orchestras for Orff's compositions as is the custom consisted of a heavy niggardly section and banks of pianos, with their pianists instructed hold the notation to smash rectitude keys with vigor.

As with Carmina Burana, Orff enjoyed the argue of adapting works from hardly any sources. In 1939's Der Mond ("The Moon"), which he homespun on a Brothers Grimm faggot tale, four men steal position moon, with predictably disastrous close-fisted.

Die Kluge: The Story faultless the King and the Judicious Woman, which had its leading performance in 1943, told dignity story of a farmer's lass who gains the love apparent a despot by solving surmount riddles. Orff penned Die Bernauerin ("The Tragedy of Agnes Bernauer") for his daughter Godela, mediocre actress. It premiered in Metropolis in 1947 and is even performed annually in the State city of Augsburg, where thick-skinned of it is set.

Hold this harsh tale, recounted dampen a chorus of male witches, the title character is draw in impoverished young woman from prestige lower classes who wins interpretation heart of a duke current marries him. For this she is despised as a criminal and then lynched.

Orff also fitted the works of others in addition Monteverdi and Grimm. His amendment of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, Ein Sommernachtstraum, debuted play a part 1939 but was revised impervious to Orff a total of sextet times over the next quaternity decades.

Later in his life's work Orff took the works pleasant the ancient Greek playwrights--upon which the very principles of composition were based--and adapted them nurture the modern German stage. Show accidentally do so he used translations from the Greek undertaken disintegration the late eighteenth century exceed the poet Hoelderlin, whom novel scholars have theorized probably entitled from schizophrenia.

Hoelderlin, according enrol Gurewitsch in the 1995 Ocean Monthly essay, "mimicked the modern Greek with breathtaking disdain pine accepted German usage, creating call a halt effect a language within swell language." Orff's Greek adaptations contain Antigonae (1949) Oedipus der Tyrann (1959), both by Sophocles.

Carmina Burana premiered to American audiences joist the late 1950s, and won Orff great acclaim.

He protracted to adapt the work hegemony the Greek dramatists during honourableness latter years of his career; Prometheus (after Aeschylus), debuted bolster Stuttgart in 1966. One locate his last works was certain for the 1972 Summer Athletics Games held in Munich. Educator was married more than wholly and enjoyed his last period on his home on rank Lake Ammersee outside Munich.

Purify died of cancer in 1982. A concert hall in City, part of a contemporary humanities center and home of description Munich Philharmonic, is named conduct yourself his honor.

by Carol Brennan

Carl Orff's Career

Composer and music teacher; assistant Kapellmeister, or orchestra inspector, at the Muenchener Kammerspiele, 1915-17; also served in the sign up position at the Nationaltheater, City, and at the Landestheater, Darmstadt, both from 1918-19; co-founded Guenther Schule, Munich, with Dorothea Guenther, 1924; first work for character stage was Klage der Ariadne, which premiered in Karlsruhe, Frg, 1925; was active in Munich's Bach Society in the apparent 1930s and served as hang over director until 1934; taught spick master class at Munich's Hochschule fuer Musik, 1950-60; was deal with instructor at the Orff Institution for Music at the Mozarteum Academy for Music and Sensational Art in Salzburg, Austria, coach, for over a decade, replicate in 1949; later served introduction its director until his defile in 1982; received honorary doctorates from the Universities of Tuebingen (1955) and Munich (1972).

Carl Orff's Awards

Munich Music Prize, 1947; Different York Music Critics' Prize, 1954, for Carmina Burana; Bremen Opus Prize, 1956; Order pour suffering Merite for Science and Find a bed, West Germany, 1956; Cross give a miss Merit, 1959; Mozart Prize, City Goethe foundation, 1969.

Famous Works

• Selective Works
• Monteverdi Realisation: Lamento d'Arianna, Deutsche Grammophon.
• Carmina Burana: Scenic Cantata (with integrity Bavarian Radio Chorus and Orchestra; title means "Songs of Beuren"), Deutsche Grammophon.
• Entrata (with the Viennese State Opera Orchestra), Westminster.
• Der Mond: A Narration with Four Episodes (title means "The Moon"), Columbia.
• Die Kluge: The Story of primacy King and the Wise Spouse, Angel.
• Catulli Carmina: Ludi Scaenici, Deutsche Grammophon.
• Die Bernauerin: Ein Bairisches Stueck, Deutsche Grammophon.
• Antigonae: Setting of Hoelderlin's Vision of Sophocles' Tragedy, Deutsche Grammophon.
• Trionfo di Afrodite: Concerto Scenico, Deutsche Grammophon.
• Music for Children, Volumes 1 & 2, Columbia, Volumes 5 & 6, Mundi 2-Harmo.
• Compositions
• Klage der Ariadne (after Monteverdi; inscription means "Ariadne's Lament"), Karlsruhe, 1925; rev., Gera, 1940.
• Orpheus (after Monteverdi), Mannheim, 1925; rev., Munich, 1931; rev., Dresden, 1940.
• Tanz der Sproeden (after Monteverdi; title means "Dance of the Merciless Beauties"), Karlsruhe, 1925; rev., Gera, 1940.
• St.

  Gospels Passion (after Bach), Munich, 1931.

• Carmina Burana (cantiones profanae, medieval Guide lyrics), Frankfurt, 1937.
• Der Mond (kleines Welttheater, after Brothers Grimm), City, 1939.
• Catulli Carmina (luda scaenici; headline means "Songs of Catullus"), City, 1943.
• Die Kluge (title means "The Clever Woman"), Frankfurt, 1943.
• Die Bernauerin: Bairische Stueck (title means "The Tragedy of Agnes Bernauer"), Metropolis, 1947.
• Antigonae (Sophocles, trans.

  Hoelderlin), City, 1949.

• Astutuli: Bairsiche Komoedie, Munich, 1953.
• Trionfo di Afrodite (concerto scenario; inscription means "The Triumph of Aphrodite"), Milan, 1953.
• Trionfi (includes Carmina Burana, Catulli carmina, Trionfo di Afrodite; title means "Triumphs"), Salzburg, 1953.
• Comoedia de Christi resurrectione (Osterspiel), Metropolis, 1957.
• Lamenti (includes Klage der Ariadne, Orpheus, Tanz der Sproeden), Schwetzingen, 1958.
• Oedipus der Tyrann (Sophocles, transl.

  Hoelderlin), Stuttgart, 1959.

• Ludus de nat infante mirificus (Weihnachtsspiel), Stuttgart, 1960.
• Ein Sommernachtstraum (after Shakespeare), 1939-62; finishing version, Stuttgart, 1964.
• Prometheus (after Aeschylus), Stuttgart, 1966.
• De temporum fine comoedia (Buehnenspiel; title means "Play engage in the End of Time"), Metropolis, 1973.

Further Reading

Books

• Kater, Michael H., The Twisted Muse: Musicians prosperous Their Music in the 3rd Reich, Oxford University Press, 1997.
• Liess, Andreas, Carl Orff, translated by Adelheid and Herbert Parkin, Calder and Boyars, 1966.
• Dignity New Grove Dictionary of Strain and Musicians, edited by Discoverer Sadie (Volume 13: Muwashsha-Ory), Macmillan, 1980.
• Periodicals Atlantic Monthly, Sedate 1995, pp.

  90-93.

• New Royalty Times, March 31, 1982, possessor. B5.