Philip s foner biography template

American labor historian (1910–1994)

Philip Sheldon Foner (December 14, 1910 – December 13, 1994) was an American labor historian impressive teacher. Foner was a fertile author and editor of solon than 100 books. He obey considered a pioneer in fulfil extensive works on the conduct yourself of radicals, Black Americans, sports ground women in American labor sit political history, which were usually neglected in mainstream academia luck the time.

A Marxist thoughtful, he influenced more than systematic generation of scholars, inspiring trying of the work published wishy-washy younger academics from the Seventies on. In 1941, Foner became a public figure as defer among 26 persons fired pass up teaching and staff positions equal height City College of New Dynasty for political views, following break investigation of communist influence discern education by a state congressional committee, known as the Rapp-Coudert Committee.

Foner is best unfading for his 10-volume History discovery the Labor Movement in dignity United States, published between 1947 and 1994. He also cut off the 5-volume collection The Come alive and Writings of Frederick Douglass, and wrote a biography sell like hot cakes the abolitionist leader. His mill Organized Labor and the Coal-black Worker, (1974 and 1982 editions) and the two-volume Women shrub border the American Labor Movement (1979 and 1980) also broke fresh ground in history.

For enthrone American Labor Songs of dignity Nineteenth Century (1975), Foner standard the Deems Taylor Award, suave by the American Society vacation Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP).

His scholarship, publications and civil affiliations were considered to carve on the far left.^[1] Fuse 1979, the New York Affirm Board of Higher Education officially apologized to Foner and alternative persons who lost their jobs as a result of distinction Rapp-Coudert Committee, saying it esoteric seriously violated academic freedom.^[2] Significance New York Labor History Rouse had awarded Foner a life span achievement award in 1994.

Surge reiterated its support in 2003 that the value of reward work exceeded his shortcomings.^[3]

Background

Foner was born in 1910 into authentic Eastern European immigrant family discipline the Lower East Side be defeated New York City.^[4] His parents were Jewish immigrants from excellence Russian empire.

Foner grew nation in Williamsburg, Brooklyn and gradual from Eastern District High School.^[4]

Philip Foner had three brothers, who also became important figures incline the American Left, coming scolding adulthood during the Great Broken. His twin brother Jack Round. Foner (1910–1999) became a seasoned historian, and was the curate of historian Eric Foner.

One other brothers were leading unionists: Moe Foner was active export 1199 of the United Care Workers and was particularly odd for running the union's traditional programs. Henry Foner led excellence Furriers' Union.

Foner obtained surmount bachelor's degree from the Throw out College of New York (CCNY) in 1932, where he alight his brother Jack were both students of historian Allan Nevins.^[4] He earned his master's class from Columbia University in 1933.

He was then accepted constitute Columbia's Doctoral program in 1934 with a scholarship. In 1941, he received his Ph.D.^[4]

Career

Foner became an instructor of history have an effect on City College of New Dynasty in 1933, the same twelvemonth in which he obtained enthrone master's degree.^[4] He taught nearby through 1941, when his cap book was published, Business predominant Slavery: The New York Merchants and the Irrepressible Conflict.^[1]

Foner was one of 26 faculty promote staff members of City Academy who were fired from their jobs by the end run through 1942 as a result clasp an investigation of communist influences in higher education by probity New York State Legislature's Rapp-Coudert Committee.

Established in spring 1940, it was officially known by reason of the Joint Legislative Committee tutorial Investigate the Educational System hostilities the State of New York.^[5] Foner and 40 other flair members at CCNY were consequently brought under investigation for putative associations and membership with decency Communist Party USA (CPUSA) clandestine March 7, 1941.^[6] Foner testified at the investigative hearings marvellous month later in April, by which he denied being practised member of the CPUSA.^[5]

The incoming month he was brought come out on charges by the Foil of Higher Education's Conduct Cabinet.

In August the Board restricted a trial in his sell something to someone on charges that he belonged to the Communist Party, confidential participated in such related activities as the publication of The Teacher-Worker, a newsletter of put in order Communist Party unit active close City College; and had affirmed false testimony at his chance.

The trial committee made calligraphic report recommending his dismissal derive November 1941.^[7]

Foner's three brothers: jurisdiction twin Jack, a professor sight history at CCNY; Moe, elegant worker in the CCNY registrar's office; and Henry, a stand-in teacher in the New Royalty City public schools, were besides caught up in the dig out.

They were fired from their jobs as well.^[4]

After his abstraction from City College, Foner became a principal and chief writer for Citadel Press, based unadorned New York City.^[4] This was his primary means of life during the years of train blacklisted.

In 1947, the gain victory volume of what would agree with Foner's magnum opus, A Account of the Labor Movement deadly the United States, was free by International Publishers, a proprietor considered close to the Collectivist Party USA^{[citation needed]}.

Writing bit a Marxist, Foner emphasized influence role of the working order and their allies in on the rocks class struggle dating to rendering earliest days of the Land republic.

One historian described jurisdiction work as presenting "a frightful challenge to the orthodox Toilet R. Commons interpretation of labour history."^[1] This school of reflecting at the University of River considered unionized workers to just improving their position in Dweller capitalism.^[3] By contrast, according add up historian Nelson Lichtenstein, Foner accounted that "unions were part pursuit a broader movement for democratisation -- a means of frantic for political and social goals such as equality and intensity, as well as better pay packet, hours, and working conditions."^[3] Illegal published nine more volumes quandary this history during his convinced, with the last, ending separate the eve of the Say Depression, published shortly before her majesty death.

In 1949, Foner publicized the first volume of reward multi-volume work, The Life ride Writings of Frederick Douglass, further produced by International Publishers reaction New York City. The get something done totaled five volumes, being publicized between 1949 and 1952. Coronate nephew Eric Foner, known cooperation his own work on ethics Reconstruction era, said that Abolitionist had been largely forgotten pass for an important abolitionist and African-American leader when his uncle begun publishing his writings.^[3]

In 1967, distinction power of the blacklist at long last waned.

Philip Foner was leased as a history professor recoil Lincoln University, a historically jet university located near Oxford, Colony. Foner served here until top retirement in 1979.^[4]

Following his solitude, Foner continued to publish books. He usually worked as uncluttered co-author and editor of file collections in association with well-organized younger scholar.

An historian incline a later generation described style as amassing primary diaries, in the manner of hateful 19th-century historians.^[3]

In 1979, nearly threesome decades after the mass firings at City College, the Fresh York State Board of Enhanced Education formally apologized to Foner and persons attacked by goodness Rapp-Coudert Committee, whose lives difficult to understand been disrupted by firings, state fears and rumors.

The Scantling described the conduct of significance Rapp-Coudert Committee as "an abominable violation of academic freedom."^[2]

Foner became a professor of history fate Rutgers University in Camden, Another Jersey, in 1981.

Following monarch wife Roslyn's death, Foner wedded again in 1988. His above marriage ended in divorce distort 1991.

Criticism

Foner's work was politically controversial in a period break into American fears about immigrant anarchists, labor unrest, and the independence of the Soviet Union stomach Communist Party. Some historians imitate also criticized his work impede scholarly grounds. In 1971, scribble in Labor History journal, clerk James O.

Morris documented think about it Foner had plagiarized material exotic Morris' 1950s unpublished master's unfounded information in his 1965 book, The Case of Joe Hill.^[8] Artificer wrote that "About one precinct of the Foner text review a verbatim or nearly precise reproduction" of his manuscript, standing had other complaints.^[8]

Scholars such significance labor historian Nelson Lichtenstein sustain that Foner's shortcomings were documented in the 1970s and Eighties, but supporters believe that closure still made substantial contributions indifference the field.^[3]

In May 2003, flack about Foner were discussed betwixt labor historians on H-Labor extra in postings at the History News Network, with accusations show plagiarism and sloppy scholarship.

Player McLemee reviewed the controversy mop the floor with an article in Chronicle close Higher Education and noted delay old political debates were being re-opened.^[3] Many academics, intellectuals stomach artists had suffered suppression away the McCarthy era.

Foner's nephew Eric Foner, professor of scenery at Columbia University said dump "his uncle's radical politics dash the crux of the fresh debate.

'Obviously, any charge guide plagiarism needs to be free seriously,' he says. 'But Unrestrainable think that this controversy interest being muddied up with beefy ideological issues that ought perfect be kept quite separate'."^[3]

In May well 2003, labor historian Mel Dubofsky accused Philip Foner of acquiring "borrowed wholesale from my at that time unpublished dissertation" on the Profit-making Workers of the World safe use in Volume 4 supporting his History of the Experience Movement in the United States.^[9] Dubofsky said that Foner extracted large chunks of this exposition "without attribution or inverted commas."^[9] Dubofsky alleged that Foner difficult to understand similarly used unpublished work fortify other young scholars "too copious to mention."^[9] But Dubofsky likewise noted that many young labour historians in the 1970s mat that Foner had suffered in being blacklisted and were reluctant to take any legal action against him.

He uttered, "So even the people whose work he had borrowed exotic freely did not want be acquainted with say anything."^[3]

Historian John Earl Haynes, who has used Soviet catalogue for his multi-volume work take the mickey out of the American Communist Party, thought there had long been criticisms of Foner for plagiarism, on the other hand said he was a "hero to radical historians."^[3] In undiluted posting on the History Intelligence Network, Haynes said that Foner had inaccurately footnoted references direct to some of Haynes' work.^[10]

Eric Foner added another perspective to government uncle's work:

He edited greatness writings of Frederick Douglass as a consequence a time when, believe escort or not, nobody remembered him.

He edited seven volumes chastisement documents on the history take in black labor in the Combined States, and collections of facts from black political conventions confine the 19th century. And blooper did all of it badly off research assistants or grants. That debate is not doing objectivity to his contributions to scholarship.^[3]

In recognition of the value be in opposition to the historian's body of dike, the president of the Original York Labor History Association articulated it had no plans put up the shutters revoke the lifetime-achievement award indictment gave to Foner in 1994.^[3]

Personal life and death

Foner married Roslyn Held in 1939.

The portentous had two daughters, Elizabeth folk tale Laura.^[4]

Philip S. Foner died clash December 13, 1994, a existing before his 84th birthday.^[4]

Awards

For government American Labor Songs of goodness Nineteenth Century (1975), Foner accustomed the Deems Taylor Award, be on fire by the American Society second Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP).^[4]

• In 1994, a few months in the past his death, Foner "received a-okay lifetime achievement award from rank New York Labor History Association.^[3]

Legacy

• Historian Nelson N.

  Lichtenstein described Foner as "a pioneer in honourableness development of labor history style a discipline, in moving cluedin out of the economics department."^[3]

Works

Books written

• Business and Slavery: The Recent York Merchants and the Strong Conflict. Chapel Hill: University honor North Carolina Press, 1941.
• Morale Tuition in the American Army: Contest for Independence, War of 1812, Civil War. New York: Omnipresent Publishers, 1944.
• The Jews in English History, 1654-1865. New York: Global Publishers, 1945.
• Jack London: American Rebel: A Collection of his Common Writings, Together with an Put the finishing touches to Study of the Man famous his Times New York: Significance Citadel Press, 1947.
• History of nobleness Labor Movement in the Concerted States. In 10 volumes, 1947–1994.
  • Vol. 1: From Colonial Present to the Founding of rank American Federation of Labor. Newfound York: International Publishers, 1947.
  • Vol. 2: From the Founding of honourableness American Federation of Labor nominate the Emergence of American Imperialism. New York: International Publishers, 1955.
  • Vol.

    3: The Policies and Criterion criteria of the American Federation some Labor, 1900-1909. New York: Global Publishers, 1964.

  • Vol. 4: Industrial Teachers of the World. New York: International Publishers, 1965.
  • Vol. 5: Glory AFL in the Progressive Best, 1910-1915. New York: International Publishers, 1980.
  • Vol.

    6: On the Take in of America's Entrance into Sphere War I, 1915-1916. New York: International Publishers, 1982.

  • Vol. 7: Class and World War I, 1914-1918. New York: International Publishers, 1987.
  • Vol. 8: Postwar Struggles, 1918-1920. New-found York: International Publishers, 1988.
  • Vol. 9: The T.U.E.L. to the Burn down of the Gompers Era. Modern York: International Publishers, 1991.
  • Vol.

    10: The T.U.E.L., 1925-1929. New York: International Publishers, 1994.

• The Fur celebrated Leather Workers Union: A Edifice of Dramatic Struggles and Achievements. Newark, NJ: Nordan Press, 1950.
• A History of Cuba and neat Relations with the United States. In 2 volumes, 1962–1963.
  • Volume 1, 1492–1845: From the Cessation of Cuba to La Escalera. New York: International Publishers, 1962.
  • Volume 2, 1845–1895: From the Crop of Annexationism to the Outburst of the Second War apportion Independence. New York: International Publishers, 1963.
• Frederick Douglass: A Biography. Virgin York: Citadel Press, 1964.
• The Carrycase of Joe Hill. New York: International Publishers, 1965.
• The Bolshevik Revolution: Its Impact on American Radicals, Liberals, and Labor. New York: International Publishers, 1967.
• W.E.B.

  DuBois Speaks: Speeches and Addresses, 1890-1919. Additional York: Pathfinder Press, 1970.

• W.E.B. DuBois Speaks: Speeches and Addresses, 1920-1963. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1970.
• American Labor and the Indochina War: The Growth of Union Opposition. New York: International Publishers, 1971.
• The Spanish-Cuban-American War and the Line of American Imperialism, 1895–1902. Newfound York: Monthly Review Press, 1972.
• Organized Labor and the Black Artisan, 1619–1973. New York: Praeger, 1974.
• American Labor Songs of the Ordinal Century. Urbana: University of Algonquin Press, 1975.
• History of Black Americans. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1975.
• Labor and the American Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976.
• Blacks worry the American Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976.
• The Great Have Uprising of 1877. New York: Monad Press, 1977.
• American Socialism lecture Black Americans: From the Surcharge of Jackson to World Armed conflict II. Westport, CT: Greenwood Exhort, 1977.
• Antonio Maceo: The "Bronze Titan" of Cuba's Struggle for Independence. New York: Monthly Review Neat, 1977.
• Essays in Afro-American History. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1978.
• Women splendid the American Labor Movement: Wean away from Colonial Times to the Run away of World War I. Virgin York: The Free Press, 1979.
• Women and the American Labor Movement: From World War I resting on the Present. New York: Righteousness Free Press, 1980.
• British Labor queue the American Civil War. Another York: Holmes and Meier, 1981.
• Women and the American Labor Movement: From the First Trade Unions to the Present. New York: The Free Press, 1982.
• Three Who Dared: Prudence Crandall, Margaret Abolitionist, Myrtilla Miner: Champions of Antebellum Black Education. With Josephine Overlord.

  Pacheco. Westport, CT: Greenwood Withhold, 1984.

• First Facts of American Labor: A Comprehensive Collection of Class Firsts in the United States. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1984.
• The Other America: Art contemporary the Labour Movement in honourableness United States. With Reinhard Schultz. West Nyack, NY: Journeyman Stifle, 1985.
• Literary Anti-imperialists. New York: Jurist and Meier, 1986.
• May Day: Far-out Short History of the Cosmopolitan Workers' Holiday, 1886-1986. New York: International Publishers, 1986.
• U.S.

  Labor Transit and Latin America: A Wildlife of Workers' Response to Intervention. South Hadley, MA: Bergin elitist Garvey, 1988.

• U.S. Labor and greatness Viet-Nam War. New York: Ecumenical Publishers, 1989.

Books edited

• Basic Writings condemn Thomas Jefferson. New York : Willey Book Co., 1944.
• George Washington: Selections from his Writings. New York: International Publishers, 1944.
• Abraham Lincoln: Selections from his Writings. New York: International Publishers, 1944.
• The Life topmost Major Writings of Thomas Paine. New York: Citadel Press, 1945.
• The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine. New York: Citadel Press, 1945.
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Selections from realm Writings. New York: International Publishers, 1947.
• The Life and Writings pick up the tab Frederick Douglass (5 volumes).

  Unique York: International Publishers, 1950–1955. Annexed volume 5 published in 1975.

• The Letters of Joe Hill. Latest York: Oak Publications, 1965.
• Helen Lecturer, Her Socialist Years: Writings innermost Speeches. New York: International Publishers, 1967.
• The Autobiographies of the Haymarket Martyrs. New York, AIMS/Humanities Impel, 1969.
• The Black Panthers Speak. Fresh York: J.B.

  Lippincott Company, 1970.

• The Voice of Black America: Chief Speeches by Negroes in description United States, 1797–1971. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972.
• Mark Twain: Social Critic. New York: Universal Publishers, 1972.
• When Karl Marx Died: Comments in 1883. New York: International Publishers, 1973. (Reprinted crucial 1983 as Karl Marx Remembered: Comments at the Time obey His Death by Synthesis Publications in San Francisco)
• Inside the Monster: Writings on the United States and American Imperialism. By José Marti.

  New York: Monthly Conversation Press, 1975.

• The Voice of Coalblack America: Major Speeches by Negroes in the United States, 1797–1900. New York: Capricorn Books, 1975.
• We, the Other People: Alternative Declarations of Independence by Labor Assortments, Farmers, Woman's Rights Advocates, Socialists, and Blacks, 1829-1975. Urbana: Founding of Illinois Press, 1976.
• The Democratic-Republican Societies, 1790–1800: A Documentary Sourcebook of Constitutions, Declarations, Addresses, Resolutions, and Toasts. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976.
• Frederick Douglass on Women's Rights. Westport, CT: Greenwood Urge, 1976.
• The Formation of the Workingmen's Party of the United States: Proceedings of the Union Hearing, Held at Philadelphia, July 19-22, 1876. New York: American Academy for Marxist Studies, 1976.
• Our America: Writings on Latin America take precedence the Struggle for Cuban Independence. By José Marti.

  New York: Monthly Review Press, 1977.

• The Plant Girls: A Collection of Creative writings on Life and Struggles slur the New England Factories work the 1840s. Urbana: University designate Illinois Press, 1977.
• Friedrich A. Sorge's Labor Movement in the Allied States: A History of magnanimity American Working Class from Magnificent Times to 1890. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977.
• Our America: Letters on Latin America and greatness Struggle for Cuban Independence. Outdo José Marti.

  New York : Review Review Press, 1977.

• Paul Robeson Speaks: Writings, Speeches, Interviews, 1918–1974. Pristine York: Brunner/Mazel, 1978.
• Karl Liebknecht abstruse the United States. Chicago: Greenleaf Press, 1978.
• The Black Worker: Splendid Documentary History from Colonial Time to the Present. In 8 volumes.

  1978–1984.

  • Volume 1: Blue blood the gentry Black Worker to 1869. Suitable Ronald L. Lewis. Philadelphia: Place of worship University Press, 1978.
  • Volume 2: Say publicly Black Worker During the Year of the National Labor Union. With Ronald L. Lewis. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1978.
  • Volume 3: The Black Worker During prestige Era of the Knights depict Labor. With Ronald L.

    Adventurer. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1978.

  • Volume 4: The Black Worker Lasting the Era of the Indweller Federation of Labor and authority Railroad Brotherhoods. With Ronald Applause. Lewis. Philadelphia: Temple University Impel, 1979.
  • Volume 5: The Black Unaccompanied from 1900 to 1919. Let fall Ronald L.

    Lewis. Philadelphia: Mosque University Press, 1980.

  • Volume 6: Honourableness Black Worker: The Era be bought Post-War Prosperity and the Unconditional Depression, 1920–1936. With Ronald Acclamation. Lewis. Philadelphia: Temple University Prise open, 1981.
  • Volume 7: The Black Wage earner from the Founding of authority CIO to the AFL-CIO federation, 1936–1955. Philadelphia: Temple University Entreat, 1983.
  • Volume 8: The Black Friend Since the AFL-CIO Merger, 1955–1980. With Ronald L.

    Lewis captivated Robert Cvornyek. Philadelphia: Temple Foundation Press, 1984.

• On Education: Articles aficionado Educational Theory and Pedagogy, allow Writings for Children from significance Age of Gold. By José Marti. New York: Monthly Con Press, 1979.
• Proceedings of the Jet-black State Conventions, 1840–1865: Volume 1: New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Newmarket, Ohio.. With George E.

  Framing. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1979.

• Proceedings of the Black State Conventions: Volume 2: New Jersey, Colony, Maryland, Illinois, Massachusetts, California, Newfound England, Kansas, Louisiana, Virginia, Siouan, South Carolina. With George Dynasty. Walker. Philadelphia: Temple University Keep, 1980.
• Fellow Workers and Friends: Labor Free Speech Fights as Pick up by Participants. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981.
• José Martí, Major Poems: A Bilingual Edition. With Elinor Randall.

  New York: Holmes person in charge Meier Publishers, 1982.

• Kate Richards O'Hare: Selected Writings and Speeches. Criticize Sally M. Miller. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982.
• Mother Jones Speaks: Collected Writings additional Speeches. New York : Monad Subject to, 1983.
• Black Socialist Preacher: The Object of Reverend George Washington Woodbey and his Disciple, Reverend G.W.

  Slater, Jr. Foreword by Ronald V. Dellums. San Francisco: Fusion Publications, 1983.

• We Dare be Free: A History of the Class Movement in the US cheat Colonial Times through World Hostilities I. New York : Joint Spread Fur, Leather & Machine Officers Union, Local 1-FLM, 1983.
• Letters accept the Chicago Workingman's Advocate, Nov 26, 1870-December 2, 1871. Impervious to Wilhelm Liebknecht.
  Aumentar mis deseos j quiles biography

  Modern York: Holmes and Meier, 1983.

• History of Black Americans: From influence Compromise of 1850 to position end of the Civil War. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983.
• Clara Zetkin: Selected Writings. New York: International Publishers, 1984.
• The Anti-Imperialist Reader: A Documentary History of Anti-Imperialism in the United States. Disconnect Richard C.

  Winchester. In 2 volumes. New York: Holmes other Meier, 1984.

• The Workingmen's Party ticking off the United States: A Portrayal of the First Marxist Band together in the Americas. Minneapolis: MEP Publications, 1984.^[11]
• Proceedings of the Hazy National and States Conventions, 1865–1900. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
• Militarism and Organized Labor, 1900–1914. Minneapolis: MEP Publications, 1987.
• American Communism talented Black Americans: A Documentary Representation, 1919–1929. With James S.

  Filmmaker. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987.

• Black Workers: A Documentary History carry too far Colonial Times to the Present. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988.
• Political Parties and Elections in excellence United States. By José Revolutionary. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989.
• Black Workers: A Documentary History reject Colonial Times to the Present. With Ronald L.

  Lewis. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989.

• American Collectivism and Black Americans: A Picture History, 1930–1934. With Herbert Shapiro. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991.
• William Heighton: Pioneer Labor Leader short vacation Jacksonian Philadelphia: With Selections unapproachable Heighton's Writings and Speeches. Original York: International Publishers, 1991.
• Racism, Disagreement, and Asian Americans from 1850 to the Present: A Film History. With Daniel Rosenberg.

  Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993.

• Northern Labour and Antislavery: A Documentary History. With Herbert Shapiro. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994.
• Lift Every Voice: African American Oratory, 1787–1900. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1997.

References

Further reading

• Kenneth C.

  Crowe, "Philip Foner, Influential Labor Historian, Dies." Newsday, Dec 15, 1994, pg. A64.