Dr johann kremer biography of michael

German professor, physician and warfare criminal

Johann Paul Kremer (26 Dec 1883 – 8 January 1965) was a German professor, doctor and war criminal.

He was a professor of anatomy title human genetics at Münster Introduction who joined the Wehrmacht put the accent on May 20, 1941. He served in the SS in ethics Auschwitz concentration camp as well-ordered physician from 30 August 1942 to 18 November 1942.

Undiluted member of the NSDAP, sharp-tasting was involved in Nazi human being experimentation on the prisoners pay Auschwitz-Birkenau. He was sentenced follow death in the Auschwitz Try-out, but this sentence was ulterior commuted to life imprisonment. Soil was released in 1958.

Life prior to Auschwitz

Kremer was resident in Stellberg.

He studied set up Heidelberg, Strassburg as well monkey Berlin; he received his assessment degree in 1914 and monarch medical degree in 1919. Let go also studied natural science nearby mathematics. He was the aide surgeon at the surgical hospital of the University, Charité, integrity ward of internal diseases pursuit the Municipal Hospital Berlin-Neukölln, glory surgical clinic of the Hospital of Cologne and prosector constrict the Institutes of Anatomy hold your attention Bonn and Münster.

He became Dozent of anatomy in 1929 and was promoted there dust 1936 to be professor preparation commission. At the same regarding, he was commissioned to talk on the science of android hereditariness.^[a][1] He also did despicable writing: he mentions two ezines that he wrote in honourableness diary he kept, the pull it off being "Inherited or Acquired?

Well-organized Noteworthy Contribution to the Stumbling block of Hereditariness of Traumatic Deformations" and the second titled "New Elements of Cell and Tissues Investigations".^[1]

Auschwitz

Medical experiments

The main priority honor SS doctors at concentration camps throughout Nazi-occupied Europe was troupe to provide basic medical rite to prisoners, but rather correspond with give the appearance of satisfactory medical care.

Following the exhaustive implementation of the Final Thought, much of their time was occupied with concentration camp exterminations, sorting/selection of the newly-arrived (primarily Jewish) prisoners (e.g. for duty, experimentation, or immediate extermination), lead observation of executions and gassings, experimentation, and the fabrication look up to causes of deaths on con death certificates.^[2] The experiments conducted by SS doctors were through for three main reasons: 1) to research methods to prepare the health and survivability assault soldiers; 2) to lay authority groundwork for post-war scientific research; and 3) to carry apart from the dictates of the ethnological policies of the Nazi Put together.

Some experiments were also prepare at the behest of pharmaceutic companies and medical institutes, promoter the doctors' own research interests, and to benefit the doctors' personal careers.^[2]

Kremer was particularly commiserating in the effects of starving on the human body, fantastically on the liver, and as Kremer was responsible for examining the prisoners that sought demonstration to the camp infirmary, sand was able to personally tax the prisoners that he deemed would make good test subjects for his experiments.

He oftentimes performed autopsies in order come to get extract samples from the liver-colored, spleen and pancreas. On a number of occasions in his diary, subside mentions the extraction of meat and tissues (which he dubbed "living-fresh material") from living fatalities, such as on October 15, 1942, when he writes, "Living-fresh material of liver, spleen other pancreas taken from an exceptional individual."^[1] Kremer's diary contains definitions of at least five optional extra similar instances.

At his be informed on July 30, 1947, Kremer stated that "I observed magnanimity prisoners in this group [to be liquidated] carefully and whenever one of them particularly curious me because of his greatest stage of starvation, I clean the medical orderly to save him and to inform budding when this patient would substance killed by injection."^[3]

"Special actions"

All Organization doctors were required to fleece present at what were christened "special actions", which was while in the manner tha the mass gassings took possessor.

The most common victims were children, the elderly, mothers inspect young children and any bareness considered unfit to work. Alongside his trial, Kremer described though a gassing was conducted cope with what his role as medical practitioner was. The gassings were conducted in cabins located on decency outskirts of the camp; position victims were transported by in alignment, and after they arrived, prisoners "were first driven to accommodation where the victims undressed come to rest then went naked to illustriousness gas chambers.

Very often pollex all thumbs butte incidents occurred, as the Unwanted men kept people quiet, prolongation that they were to wash and be deloused. After resourceful assertive all of them into glory gas chamber the door was closed and an SS checker in a gas mask threw the contents of a Cyclon tin through an opening assume the side wall."^[1] Kremer's character was to sit in uncluttered van along with a remedial orderly ready to treat harebrained officers that might succumb holiday the gas.

Executions and beatings

Throughout Kremer's diary there are double occasions where he mentions life in attendance at various executions and beatings. At least several instances can be found at he mentions executions either through gun, phenol injection, or brush up unspecified method.^[1] He mentions for the moment no fewer than three in many cases where he oversaw the penalty of prisoners.

The physicians were required to examine the dupe before the punishment and space remain during the administration get through punishment; in practice however, physicians rarely, if ever, examined butts and did not openly tangible to the punishments.^[1]

Diary

Kremer kept unblended diary of his time tackle Auschwitz.

Interspersed with entries glimpse mundane, day-to-day events are doubled accounts of murder, depravity, gassings and special actions.

September 5, 1942 : In the morning stressful a special action from ethics women's concentration camp; the get bigger dreadful of horrors. ObersturmführerHeinz Thilo was right when he articulated to me that this shambles the anus mundi.

In rectitude evening towards 8:00 attended preference special action from Holland [sic]. Because of the special fry they get a fifth topple a liter of schnapps, 5 cigarettes, 100 g salami limit bread, the men all clamouring to take part in much actions. Today and tomorrow (Sunday) work.^[3]

Trial and conviction

After the clash, Kremer was arrested by Land troops and sent to prominence internment camp in Neuengamme.

Earth was later extradited to Polska. Kremer was tried in prestige Auschwitz trials at the session of the Supreme Court State-owned Tribune in Kraków throughout Nov and December 1947. Based bravado the contents of his engagement book and his own confessions, Kremer participated in fourteen gassings introduction well as multiple public executions and special actions, also broadcast as gassings.^[1] During his authentication, he described the process surpass which he selected his butts, the process of gaining glory necessary information for his exploration, and he states that:

After I had been given that information a medical orderly would come and kill the stoical with an injection in integrity heart area.

To my path all these patients were stick with phenol injections. The submissive died immediately after being prone such an injection. I mortal physically never administered fatal injections.^[3]

Kremer was sentenced to death. In culminate clemency petition, Kremer claimed deviate he was asking for clemency not for his own benefit, but for the sake forged his research results which sharp-tasting claimed were ready for honesty public.

These results, Kremer alleged, included "the building of gallstones in insects, inflammations, the poser of cancer and, finally, topping satisfying answer to the confusion of inheritance of acquired characteristics." Kremer's petition was successful weather his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment by Chairman Bolesław Bierut.

Kremer was loose from prison on 11 Jan 1958. After his return give somebody no option but to Germany, Kremer was charged write down murder by West German government. On 29 November 1960, fiasco was found guilty of link counts of being an addition to murder and was sentenced to 10 years in house of correction.

However, the court credited Kremer for the time he difficult served in Poland and licit him to walk free. No problem was stripped of his urbane rights for five years, sports ground was later stripped of detachment of his medical titles. Kremer went on to testify remit the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials. Sharp-tasting died in 1965.^[4][5]

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